White Paper
The Importance Of Controlling Nucleation Temperature During The Freeze Step
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•White Paper: The Importance Of Controlling Nucleation Temperature During The Freeze Step
By SP Scientific
The importance of nucleation temperature in freeze drying has been known for some time. Controlled nucleation has been researched and studied over the last two decades because of its pivotal importance to the development of an optimized freeze drying cycle that has as much vial-to-vial product uniformity as possible and is more easily transferred from research and development freeze dryers to production freeze dryers. A number of earlier techniques to control nucleation, while demonstrating the potential for process improvement, were not easily transferrable to development or production freeze dryers, from a commercial standpoint. These include the "Ice Fog" technique described by Rambhatla et al.1 and ultrasound, published by Hottot et al.2. Recently, a novel technology for controlling nucleation was described by Praxair Inc. This method, called ControLyo Nucleation On-Demand Technology, has been shown to significantly improve both product and process in many experimental systems.3 This paper looks at the development and commercialization of Praxair's ControLyo Nucleation On-Demand Technology and the benefits it provides during freeze drying development and production.
Click Here To Download:•White Paper: The Importance Of Controlling Nucleation Temperature During The Freeze Step
