Metered Dose Inhaler Technology

The metered dose inhalation (MDI) industry is undergoing significant technological change. Environmental concerns with the use of Chloroflurocarbon Chemicals (CFCs), and consequent ozone depletion, demanded the development of an entire new family of propellants. As a result, an entire generation of revised product formulations has been necesitated. Additionally, new medications and therapies have resulted in MDIs being considered the route of administration of choice. This book explores the new technologies of pressurized MDI delivery systems and provides practical, easy-to-use guidance to effective product formulation.

Nine world recognized experts address the global phase-out of CFCs and the introduction of a new generation of propellant systems.

Chapters include:

• Formulation of Metered Dose Inhalers [Tol S. Purewal, 3M Health Care] Composition, CFCs and the Ozone Layer, Formulating With Ozone Benign Propellants, Use of Spacer Devices, Comparison of MDIs and Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs)
  
• Manufacture of Metered Dose Inhalers [Anthony Wilkinson, 3M Health Care] Overview, Micronisation, Cold Fill Process, Pressure Fill Process, CFC and HFA Propellants, Validation
  
• Particle Size Analysis in Inhalation Therapy [Clive Washington, University of Nottingham] Characterisation of Solid Feedsticks, Study of Particles in the Aerosol Plume, Characterisation of Particles in Propellant Suspensions
  
• Analytical Development and Testing [Alfred Childers and Harris Cummings, Magellan Laboratories, and Dr. Michael Triebe, Glaxo-Wellcome] Life Cycle of Characterization and testing, Description and Discussion of MDI Tests
  
• Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Propellants [Lester I. Harrison, 3M Pharmaceuticals] Propellants Measurement in Biological Fluids and Tissues: Gas Chromatography and other methods, Partition Coefficients, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Species Comparisons
  
• Toxicology of Propellants[Chet I. Leach, 3M Pharmaceuticals] Who Should Conduct the Toxicology Program? What Determines the Scale of the Program? What is an Example of a Full Toxicology Program? Genetic Toxicology Testing, Primary Irritation Studies, Inhalation Studies, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Studies

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