Featured Articles
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Influence Of Concentration And Fill Depth On Product Resistance Of Sucrose During Freeze Drying
The objective of the study described in this article was to characterize product resistance as a function of dry layer thickness for various sucrose solutions using SMART Freeze-Dryer technology.
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Effect Of Closure Composition And Processing Parameters On End Product Dryness Over Time
Residual moisture in elastomeric closures can cause degradation of lyophilized drug product. Prior to packaging the drug product, pharmaceutical manufacturers typically wash, steam sterilize and dry the closures. By A. Miller and J. Riter
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Scale‐Up Of Freeze‐Drying Cycles
Laboratory scale freeze dryers are used for lyophilization of small amounts of product, either for simple preparation of relatively robust materials or for cycle development and subsequent transfer to a larger scale. If the lyophilization process developed is to be scaled up later on, it is beneficial if the freeze dryers employed on the various scales are constructed similarly. By Stefan Schneid, Ph.D. Freeze-Drying Focus Group University of Erlangen, Germany