Featured Articles
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PAT For Freeze Drying: Cycle Optimization In The Laboratory
Freeze drying is generally known to be a time consuming and therefore expensive process. In order to lower costs during manufacturing, the effective cycle time must be reduced. This goal can be achieved by optimising a freeze drying cycle in the laboratory – in particular the primary drying phase. Applying PAT in the laboratory can provide valuable information about product and process behaviour and may help to identify the critical process parameters during cycle development and optimisation. By Dr. Henning Gieseler, PhD., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
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Effect Of Closure Composition And Processing Parameters On End Product Dryness Over Time
Residual moisture in elastomeric closures can cause degradation of lyophilized drug product. Prior to packaging the drug product, pharmaceutical manufacturers typically wash, steam sterilize and dry the closures. By A. Miller and J. Riter
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Advances In Sample Preparation For Metabolite Profiling
A recent study carried out at Nerviano Medical Sciences in Milan has shown that the sample preparation steps employed can be just as important as the analytical steps in generating errors in the process, and require just as much attention when setting up the process. Critical to the process being established within Nerviano’s laboratory is the evaporation methodology used when preparing the samples.